General Assembly Session 60 meeting 4

The Co-Chairperson (Gabon)

May I remind members that, in accordance with resolution 59/291 of 15 April 2005, the list of speakers was established bearing in mind the fact that statements would be limited to five minutes. I would therefore ask speakers to make their statements at a normal pace so that they can be correctly interpreted.

To help speakers to manage their speaking time, a timing mechanism has been set up at the rostrum from which they will speak. I urge all speakers to respect the time limits for their statements so that all who are inscribed on the list for a given meeting can make their statement at that meeting.

In order to avoid interrupting speakers, I would kindly ask representatives to remain in their seats after statements are made. I remind members that, having made their statements, speakers are to leave the General Assembly Hall via room GA-200, which is behind the rostrum, before returning to their seats.

The Assembly will now hear an address by His Excellency Mr. Paul Kagame, President of the Republic of Rwanda.

President Kagame (Rwanda)

We meet this week to mark the passage of 60 eventful years in the life of the United Nations and to reaffirm our belief in its principles. We also meet to renew and breathe fresh life into the Organization, to consider the reforms necessary, and to review the progress made in the implementation of the outcomes of the Millennium Summit, held here five years ago.

Looking back over these years, it is clear that there have been some remarkable successes in fulfilling the United Nations Charter principles, but that there have also been a number of serious failures. Rwanda has experienced both. This is also a great opportunity for us to reflect on our relations and responsibilities as sovereign nations.

It is clearer today than ever before that, in this age of globalization, interdependence is self-evident. By recognizing that interdependence, we accept our collective interests and responsibilities, whether we are developed or developing nations. Those include the imperative for development and the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals, peace and security, human rights and the rule of law.

There is no greater challenge facing humanity today than poverty and underdevelopment. For sub-Saharan Africa, it is unacceptable that, despite our commitment at the Millennium Summit five years ago, the prediction is that conditions will worsen by 2015.

So, what has gone wrong in the last five years? Was the pledge to achieve the Millennium Development Goals by 2015 overambitious, or were the commitments to the Millennium Development Goals overestimated? Did we fail to assess the resource gaps and policy reforms that needed to be addressed, or are we to be contented with admirable commitments and international declarations at the expense of tangible actions and results to achieve the Millennium Development Goals? Most importantly, should we go back to the drawing board, five years down the road, because we have suddenly realized that the initial road map was misconceived? I believe that the answer is no.

Whatever the case, it is clear that we must do things radically differently and in an accelerated manner. We must devise and agree to faithfully implement innovative and practicable measures to ensure that we reverse current trends. That will require commitment to implement the Monterrey Consensus on financing for development, including the frontloading of future commitments. Noteworthy are such initiatives as the International Financing Facility.

But for such initiatives and commitments to succeed, there should be clear and practical modalities of implementation. We welcome the proposal to ease supply-side constraints and commodity price shocks in order to take the fullest possible advantage of increased market access.

It has become abundantly clear to us that the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals will be contingent on good political and economic governance. In Rwanda, we are trying to do our bit. We have implemented several political and economic reforms over the last decade, and so far the indication is that we are on the right track. All in all, the progress we have made gives us reason to be optimistic that, with the enhanced support of our development partners, we can attain the Millennium Development Goals by 2015.

As we all know, there is a strong relationship between security and development. That nexus between peace, security and development is crystal-clear to us in Rwanda and the wider Great Lakes region of East and Central Africa. Our own experience in Rwanda has shown us that insecurity caused by reckless and irresponsible governance can cause immense suffering, adverse to human development.

Let me also stress the importance of our collective responsibility to deal with terrorism and to protect populations under threat of genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. Never again should the international community's response to those crimes be found wanting. Let us resolve to take collective action in a timely and decisive manner. Let us also commit ourselves to putting in place early warning mechanisms and to ensuring that preventive interventions are the rule rather than the exception.

If the United Nations is to effectively fulfil its mission, then the following measures must be taken. First, we must improve coherence, efficiency and effectiveness within the United Nations system so as to promote transparency and accountability. Secondly, we believe that the reform process should enable States that are not members of the Security Council to participate more actively in its deliberative and decision-making processes, especially on issues that affect them. A reformed Council should be seen by all States to be more representative, transparent, credible and legitimate.

In conclusion, if we believe in our common humanity and our global partnership, then the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals makes sense, both for business as well as to promote global stability. As we debate, posterity will not judge us kindly if we fail to seize the moment and to reverse the suffering of millions of the world's poor at the height of such unprecedented affluence and technological and scientific advances.

The Co-Chairperson (Gabon)

The Assembly will now hear an address by His Excellency Mr. Marc Ravalomanana, President of the Republic of Madagascar.

President Ravalomanana (Madagascar)

Before speaking of the progress that we have achieved in the context of the eight Millennium Development Goals, I wish to draw members' attention to three important points.

First, five years ago, eight development objectives were defined, representing major progress. Today, we must go further because fighting poverty now requires a sound road map, a clear vision and a global development strategy that, today more than ever, must set minimum standards.

Secondly, the Millennium Development Goals are not isolated objectives. They are interdependent, and coordinated action to achieve them all is therefore crucial.

Thirdly, efforts to benefit the poorest countries must be redoubled or even tripled. They should be dictated by a new vision for Africa and a coordinated plan of action. We need a Marshall Plan for Africa. I proposed such a plan last year. With such a new and decisive approach, the Millennium Goals can be achieved.

Poverty in Madagascar was reduced from 80 per cent in 2002 to 74 per cent in 2004. That represents a major step, but not nearly enough. Many people, especially in the southern regions of our country, still go hungry. Thanks to new schools, new teachers and free basic education, school attendance has risen from 67 per cent to 82 per cent in three years. Infant mortality has dropped from 159 to 94 per thousand children below the age of five. That represents great progress.

As to gender equality and the advancement of women, my Government has launched a national policy for the advancement of women and drafted a national plan of action for gender and development. Maternal health care has improved, with a 20 per cent increase in medically assisted births.

In the campaign against HIV/AIDS, a national committee to combat AIDS is striving, under my direct authority, to stabilize the infection rate, which currently stands at approximately 1.5 per cent. In the fight against malaria, my Government has distributed free treated mosquito nets to pregnant women and children below the age of five. Campaigns to heighten AIDS and malaria awareness continue throughout the country.

Through our project entitled "Madagascar, Naturally", we seek to protect and preserve nature. The extent of protected areas will triple within five years. Many measures have been adopted to prevent brush fires.

Finally, our efforts in the field of good governance and the opening of our economy have been acknowledged by donors, who have cancelled our multilateral debts. The fight against corruption is in full swing.

I should like to speak of these matters in greater detail, but I believe that I have conveyed a sense of the major efforts we have made. We are resolved to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, but I repeat that it is only with a new approach on the part of the international community to benefit Africa that we will be able to achieve them.

The Co-Chairperson (Gabon)

The Assembly will now hear an address by His Excellency Mr. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, President of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

President Ahmadinejad (Iran)

At the outset, I wish to express my appreciation to the Secretary-General and my pleasure at participating in this gathering of colleagues, heads of State and Government, and representatives. May I also register my deepest grief over the tragic incidents in Kadhimiya, Iraq, and Hurricane Katrina, and also convey my condolences and sympathies to the victims and their loved ones.

The United Nations must be the focal point of reliance, hope and participation for all peoples and Governments, and a forum for dialogue, understanding and cooperation to achieve peace and tranquillity throughout the globe. The attainment of that objective requires, first, that justice reign supreme in the Organization, and that, in accordance with its Charter, all Member States enjoy equal rights. Greater power or wealth should not accord expanded rights to any Member.

Secondly, the principles of democracy and ethics should prevail in all organs and functions of the United Nations, so that the Organization can become a manifestation of the prevalence of those two commonly shared values.

Thirdly, the United Nations should endeavour to fulfil its responsibility to promote and institutionalize justice at the international level.

Fourthly, the host country should not enjoy any right or privilege over the rest of the membership, and the Organization and its Headquarters must be easily accessible to all.

In recognition of those principles, the following points become essential.

First, the greatest challenge of our age is the gradual spiritual debasement of human beings brought about by the distancing of the prevailing order from the morality and unity of monotheism. The United Nations should lead in the promotion of spirituality and compassion for humanity. Only thus can the nations become truly unified.

Secondly, the acceptance of unilateralism represents the absolute negation of the United Nations and its raison d'être. Therefore, the United Nations as a whole should confront that vicious malady.

Thirdly, the physical and psychological security of peoples and nations is today more endangered than ever. Unilateralism, the production and use of weapons of mass destruction, intimidation, the resort to the threat or use of force, and the imposition of destructive wars on peoples for the sake of the security and prosperity of a few Powers have redoubled the historic responsibility of the United Nations to strive resolutely to institutionalize justice in all aspects of global interaction in the interest of human tranquillity. In our view, it is impossible to achieve security, peace, stability, prosperity and progress in certain parts of the world at the cost of fomenting instability, militarism, discrimination, poverty and deprivation in others.

Fourthly the raison d'être of the United Nations is to promote global peace and tranquillity. Therefore, any license for pre-emptive measures -- which are essentially based on gauging intentions rather than objective facts, and are in fact a modern manifestation of the interventionist and war-mongering tendencies of the past -- is in blatant contradiction to the very foundations of the United Nations and to the letter and spirit of its Charter.

Fifthly, the composition of the Security Council must achieve a logical and democratic balance. If permanent membership is accepted for some, then an acceptable combination of representatives of all continents and major civilizations must acquire permanent seats on the Council. I wish to underline our deep dismay over the fact that not one of the more than 50 Islamic countries, encompassing more than 1.2 billion people, has a permanent seat in the Security Council; nor does Africa, with its huge capabilities and potentials, while the vast continent of Asia with its ancient civilizations has only one permanent seat.

Sixthly, the United Nations must be able freely to welcome representatives from all Governments, civil society and non-governmental organizations from throughout the world to its Headquarters without the selective hindrances of the host country, and to engage without fear in serious dialogue.

In our view, those concerns can be met only if the prevailing discourse in international relations is transformed from one based on violence, discrimination and domination into one of peace and global stability founded on justice and spirituality through dialogue, compassion and respect for human beings. The exalted Prophet of Islam says that "the highest state of wisdom, after faith in God, is seeking friendship with people and extending a helping hand to all fellow human beings". Those words of wisdom underline the fact that the entire globe is but one entity and that the pain and suffering of any part disturbs the tranquillity of all. In the words of a famous Iranian poet of the thirteenth century:

"All human beings are members of one frame Since all, at first, from the same essence came. When time afflicts a limb with pain The other limbs cannot at rest remain."

The Co-Chairperson (Gabon)

The Assembly will now hear an address by His Excellency Mr. Alejandro Toledo Manrique, President of the Republic of Peru.

President Toledo Manrique (Peru)

I speak on behalf of a democratic country that is deeply convinced that the development of our countries, respect for human rights and free expression, and security are mutually reinforcing. Within the four years of my Government, Peru, with its difficulties and hopes, has moved forward, building sustained economic growth and a fairer society, and ensuring the comprehensive security of its inhabitants.

We have made the Millennium Development Goals a national commitment. They are reflected in State policies that go beyond my own Government. Those policies are reflected in the National Agreement that the political parties, civil society and the Government have pledged to fulfil in 20 years. In other words, our commitment to the Millennium Development Goals will not end with my Government.

Some advances in the fulfilment of the Millennium Development Goals are evident today. Since 2001, the economic and social policies of my Government have created the conditions for sustained and decentralized growth, with positive results reflected in increased rates of consumption and income. I have managed the country for 48 months of sustained economic growth at a rate of 5 to 5.5 per cent.

The Government of Peru is implementing specific policies in such areas such as employment, income, health, education, nutrition and gender issues with a view to helping the poorest. The central efforts of my Government are aimed at decisively addressing poverty. It has established purposive social policies, without consideration of their potential economic benefits, such as the Huascaran plan aimed at internet connectivity for the poorest; policies to improve short-term employment for the poorest, such as the "A Trabajar Urbano" programme; subsidized housing programmes for the poorest; and policies for rural electrification and basic health care to provide Peru's poorest with water and sewer systems. Moreover, although we do not believe in handouts, a programme of direct and conditioned subsidy for the poorest was launched a few days ago. As a reciprocal condition, that direct subsidy to the poorest requires pregnant mothers to have prenatal and postnatal check-ups and to get their children vaccinated and send them to school.

As a result of those efforts, between 2001 and 2004 approximately 1 million Peruvian men and women have been lifted out of extreme poverty. In that regard, in the latest United Nations Human Development Report, Peru has risen six places in the ranking of 177 countries.

The time has come to speak clearly. The sustainable development of our peoples requires an open international trade system based on standard rules. President Bush's statement to the General Assembly this morning was encouraging. He said that the developed countries must eliminate their subsidies. He said that, in order to be sustainable, globalization must meet the needs of the developing countries. President Bush's statement this morning was encouraging because it reflected a meeting of the minds between the developing and the developed countries.

Peru is committed to fulfilling the Millennium Development Goals not as part of the policy of one particular Government, but as a State policy. I know that all the leaders here in this Hall share that mission.

The Co-Chairperson (Gabon)

The Assembly will now hear an address by His Excellency Mr. Tommy Remengesau, Jr., President of the Republic of Palau.

President Remengesau (Palau)

May I first congratulate the United Nations on its diamond anniversary, and may I express my country's full support for this international body in its efforts to build nations, to curb hunger, to ensure water, to aspire to economic and cultural equality, and to bring nations together to solve global issues. Truly, the work plan is a difficult one, yet it is one from which the Organization must not deviate.

I would also like to convey to all present my pride regarding the tenth anniversary of my country's independence. As such, this year also marks the tenth anniversary of our membership in the United Nations. The Republic of Palau, although small and new in terms of political independence, has survived and, I might add, prospered in its first 10 years of self-rule. Yet much of our future depends on the global efforts made by the United Nations to bring peace, stability and economic sustainability to all of its Member nations.

The Secretary-General, in his report "In larger freedom", states that,

"[O]ne of the great challenges of the new millennium is to ensure that all States are strong enough to meet the many challenges they face ... [N]o country, weak or strong, can realize prosperity in a vacuum." (A/59/2005, paras. 19 and 24)

For Palau, and for many other small island developing States, the challenges are mounting. We are new countries, remote and isolated. We are small countries, with small economies that lack fiscal diversity. We are island nations whose sustainable development requires healthy reefs, plentiful oceans, freedom from incursions by international terrorists, and meaningful educational and career opportunities for our children, who are leaving our islands in pursuit of both.

While other regions of the world receive more attention, Professor Jeffrey Sachs, in his Millennium Project Report to the Secretary-General, noted that Oceania is second only to sub-Saharan Africa in being "off track for nearly every [Millennium] Goal, and falling back in some areas". While Palau is proud of its performance in moving towards the achievement of those Goals, that is clearly not the case in all of our island nations, and we must move aggressively forward in bringing equality of opportunity to all of nations in achieving the Goals through the actions of the United Nations.

As global warming worsens, bleaching our corals and threatening our land; as overfishing by foreign fishing fleets continues to deplete our vast fish stocks; as certain fishing practices threaten to destroy our marine biodiversity; and as the combination of those forces places our diverse island cultures in jeopardy, the challenges mount.

It is therefore time for the international community, and the United Nations as its representative, to begin to move beyond studies that recognize past failures to achieve sustainable development in our island nations, and to move aggressively forward and to establish a specific programme agenda that recognizes our unique smallness, that appreciates our distinctive diversity, and that respects our island cultures as equal to those of other nations of this world. And, I might add, it is time to bring the moral and religious leadership into the process of defining a new direction, not only for our small islands, but for all of the countries of the world. International peace and security could well be strengthened by such a partnership.

In our effort to develop a workable outcome from our high-level event and to speed our international development efforts, we must first recognize that this process is one of partnership. As partners, it is important to acknowledge that significant achievements have indeed been made since the Millennium Summit and Monterrey Conference. To continue that joint forward movement, we must all recognize realistic needs and responsibilities. While developed countries must continue to work to expand their annual contributions and to improve disbursements, developing countries must establish environments that maximize the effectiveness of those contributions. Good governance must be treated as a mechanism not only for expanding development assistance, but for improving the lives of our people as well. And it is not unreasonable to anticipate that strong recipient performance will lead to greater donor contributions.

Due to recent international events, it is also time for the United Nations to immediately expand its emergency response to the rising prices of fuel. For small island developing States, economic gains made over the past 10 years are being wiped away by spiralling fuel prices. For island economies to survive, we must move rapidly and decisively towards alternate energy resources, which can be accomplished only through international assistance and funding. With great sincerity, we take this opportunity to acknowledge the efforts of the United Nations and of those countries and international institutions that have recognized our situation and worked with us to overcome our unique challenges.

The United States has laboured for over 50 years to help us instil principles of democracy in our leadership and in our children and has nurtured our young institutions. We offer our sincere thanks. With our American friends, we also mourn the tragedy of Hurricane Katrina's aftermath. We have no doubt, however, that, given the resilience of the American character, America and those impacted will rebound from that great tragedy.

We acknowledge the continual support of Japan to our region and to our country, and we are hopeful that the Security Council expansion and reform process will result in Japan's permanent membership of the Security Council, where it can employ its knowledge of our region in the deliberations of that body. Fair and equal representation of the nations of this world in its international body, the United Nations, can only strengthen our efforts to achieve a powerful and respected voice on international and regional issues.

As Palau supports Japan's wider role, due to its importance to the region, it also supports Taiwan's membership in this body as a significant regional friend to Palau and an important member of the world community. As long as one nation and one people are excluded from their rightful representation in our global community, we have failed to achieve our goal of universal rights and privileges.

We also take this opportunity to commend the Government of Israel and Prime Minister Sharon on the historical disengagement from Gaza and parts of the West Bank. We have followed that complex and painful process and look forward to further progress on achieving peace.

In spite of Palau's increasing support for the United Nations work around the world, and despite our determination to become an active member of the multilateral community, I note that the United Nations, its organizations and offices do not have one permanent representative in our nation to assist us in developing our capacity. Surely, the intimate knowledge gained of our unique culture, economy and people is well worth the expense of providing such representation. To that end, along with several other Pacific countries, we have asked the Secretary-General to help us by establishing United Nations representation in Palau to assist our people in accessing the international institutions, which will be helpful in our drive for economic and social independence. We consider that to be a vital foundation for our sustainable development.

The people of Palau recognize that every nation in the world, regardless of its size, has an important role to play on the international stage in assuring the global community of a bright and secure future for its children. Today, on the sixtieth anniversary of this great institution, the tenth anniversary of Palau's membership in this body, and the tenth anniversary of Palau's independence, I affirm that the people of Palau, despite all obstacles and challenges, will play their part.

The Co-Chairperson (Gabon)

The Assembly will now hear an address by His Excellency Mr. Abdoulaye Wade, President of the Republic of Senegal.

President Wade (Senegal)

I cannot forego this opportunity to commend our Secretary-General, Mr. Kofi Annan, for his outstanding work, and in particular for his recent proposed reform of the United Nations, now celebrating its sixtieth anniversary. Reforming a 60-year old institution and its many parts is no easy task, and we must therefore bear in mind that such widespread reform will not be possible again for decades to come.

My statement will bear on the following points: a few considerations on the Millennium Development Goals and on how we have sought to implement them in our country; financing for development and combating poverty; and Security Council reform.

As to the Millennium Development Goals, our assessment has revealed the many obstacles still hindering their achievement. Some are to be found within our countries -- the lack of peace, poor governance, the AIDS pandemic and other diseases. Let us agree, however, that the developed countries have not always complied with their commitments, especially regarding the 1970s pledge to provide development assistance to the developing countries at the level of 0.7 per cent of their gross national product, as well as the financing of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD).

Fortunately, the new approach set out in the Blair report opened promising prospects arising from the Gleneagles Summit of the Group of Eight. Despite everything, our countries, including my own, with their very meagre resources but a good deal of imagination and diversified international assistance, have achieved honourable results. In Senegal, we have achieved a growth rate of 6.7 per cent, with spectacular results in agriculture, where production in some areas has increased by 600 per cent. Many jobs have been created for young people. Thanks to our allocation of 40 per cent of the national budget to education and 10 per cent to health care, the AIDS prevalence rate has fallen from 1.7 to 0.7 per cent, and school attendance is now at 70 per cent, whereas we were below average in 2000. Our development has also been sustained by consistent investment in human resources.

History shows that science and technology are irreplaceable vectors of progress. Thus, in considering the digital gap, we note that telephone, facsimile, telex and Internet communications are most developed in the North -- in what I call the connected countries -- whereas the South is sorely lacking in that regard. Those technologies underpin knowledge, so that science is developed and transmitted mostly in the North, to the detriment of the South. That is why, in December 2002 in Geneva, we proposed the creation of the Global Digital Solidarity Fund. Although there was some initial misunderstanding, the Fund was adopted by 193 countries. I would request that it be additionally supported, and note that it is functioning on voluntary and not mandatory contributions. It is headquartered in Geneva and managed by the United Cities and Local Governments association, and certain States have already made average contributions of some $300,000 each. It is with pleasure that we have learned that the Dominican Republic has decided to convene a meeting on the Fund here in New York.

I wish to draw Members' attention to the new concept of youth leadership, aimed at developing innovation and leadership in young people. Following the Pan-African African Youth Leadership Summit, organized in Dakar in 2004, a fifth conference was convened in Morocco. We offer our encouragement for the world conference to be held here in New York, and we insist on the fact that we must develop a sense of creativity among young people.

Regarding financing for development, I support the proposal made by President Jacques Chirac that a small tax be added to the cost of air travel. Such a fee would be minimally painful, so to speak. I also note that, on behalf of the African Union, I have proposed certain new means of financing NEPAD, including the use of treasury notes from the developed countries to assist the countries of the South at no additional cost.

I conclude by referring to Security Council reform. We must identify two sources of the problem. First is the historical injustice done to Africa, not one of whose 53 Member States has a permanent seat on the Security Council, whereas 70 per cent of the items on the Council's agenda pertain to Africa. There has been no one to speak on Africa's behalf since the Security Council was established. I believe that that historical injustice must be redressed by allocating a permanent seat, along with the right of veto, to Africa. As others have said, a more in-depth discussion of the other reforms could be deferred to October or later, but I repeat that a distinction must be drawn between the two issues and that Africa must be provided a seat with the right of veto.

The Co-Chairperson (Gabon)

The Assembly will now hear an address by His Excellency Mr. John Agyekum Kufuor, President of the Republic of Ghana.

President Kufuor (Ghana)

I wish to join previous speakers in congratulating the United Nations on its sixtieth anniversary. I salute Secretary-General Kofi Annan and his team, under whose auspices we are marking this happy occasion.

The United Nations achievements over the past 60 years are phenomenal and span several areas of human endeavour. For example, the Millennium Development Goals, which were unanimously endorsed here to launch the current century, raised expectations further for the betterment of mankind. However, after five years, and in spite of the emphasis put on the special needs of Africa, very little has been achieved for our continent so far. Africa therefore welcomes the recommendations put forward by the United Nations Millennium Project for realistic programmes towards the achievement of the Goals.

It is in that new spirit that Ghana commends and welcomes the recent cancellation by the G-8 of the debt of some countries of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative. It is hoped that this concession will soon be extended to all African countries. Again, accelerated efforts at achieving the objectives of the Doha Round should, in the long run, help to minimize the dependence of developing countries on aid and thereby abate their economic marginalization.

It must be admitted, however, that the full integration of the economies of the developing world into the global economy would demand in the transition that its enterprises and companies be assisted in becoming more competitive and efficient. It is in recognition of that important fact that Ghana welcomes warmly and commends to the international community the excellent initiative of the United States Government in establishing the Millennium Challenge Account. Other proposals, such as the creation of an international finance facility and substantial additional resources to assist the developing world, especially Africa, during the transitional process must also be supported.

Terrorism has emerged as one of the most serious threats to peace and security in today's world. It is a loose cannon that cannot be justified as a solution to any perceived wrong. The fight against it calls for a sustained, firm and strong collective response from the international community. Consequently, we urge that this occasion be used to reaffirm our commitment to multilateralism, which underpins the spirit and letter of the United Nations Charter.

Similarly, the international community must collectively banish the scourge of war by addressing the issues of disarmament, nuclear non-proliferation and the menace of illicit small arms and light weapons. In some societies, especially in Africa, the latter constitute the weapons of mass destruction. It needs to be stressed that, over the past decade alone, the use of such weapons has claimed more than 20 million victims in Africa, many of whom have been women and children.

Through its peacekeeping operations around the world, the United Nations has brought relief and hope to victims in conflict areas. We therefore welcome the proposed establishment of a peacebuilding commission to help conflict-afflicted countries in the transition from war to peace and national reconstruction. We also fully support the decision to establish a democracy fund to promote democratic practice and good governance as the surest guarantor of human rights. Likewise, we support the proposal to convert the Human Rights Commission into a human rights council.

As we look to the United Nations to lead the way in meeting our collective aspirations in the rapidly changing world, the Organization must enhance its continued functionality through flexibility. It must therefore undergo substantial reforms in order to be able to discharge its mandate effectively in the light of the complexities of the times. That is why Ghana supports the Secretary-General's document entitled "In larger freedom: towards development, security and human rights for all", which advocates the strengthening of the United Nations institutions. Hence, the General Assembly needs to be revitalized in order to enable it to assume fully its rightful place as the most representative and deliberative organ of the United Nations. Also, the need for a more vibrant Economic and Social Council, an efficient Secretariat and adequate funding cannot be overemphasized for a stronger United Nations.

Above all, the Security Council must be restructured and expanded to reflect the increased membership of the United Nations and also to enable it carry out its Charter obligations more purposively with the full confidence of Member States. That reform must be based on the principles of democracy, accountability, the sovereign equality of States and equitable geographical representation, among others. The African Union's claim of two permanent seats on the Council must therefore be supported.

In conclusion, history stands ready to judge us on the outcome of this Meeting. We cannot and should not fail succeeding generations. We therefore welcome the outcome document submitted for our consideration and will support a mechanism for its implementation.

The Co-Chairperson (Gabon)

The Assembly will now hear an address by His Excellency The Honourable Mr. Mwai Kibaki, President of the Republic of Kenya.

President Kibaki (Kenya)

It is my pleasure to address this gathering of leaders of the United Nations. This summit gives us an opportunity to review progress and reaffirm our commitment to the Millennium Development Goals.

It will be recalled that, in September 2000, world leaders committed themselves to reducing poverty and improving people's lives. Five years later, the world is still faced with the challenges of poverty, hunger, disease and illiteracy. The achievement of the Millennium Development Goals has been uneven across regions and there are wide disparities in the realization of specific Goals.

On the other hand, many countries have made significant progress in creating an enabling environment for attaining the Millennium Development Goals. For instance, most countries in Africa today have positive and growing economic growth rates. Good governance is increasingly taking root. African leaders are working together to improve the lives of their citizens. Regrettably, those efforts are being hampered by limited access to the markets of developed countries, low disbursements of development assistance and the debt burden.

In Kenya, we have made significant progress in a number of areas. In 2004, the economy grew by 4.3 per cent, up from 2.8 per cent the previous year. Primary school enrolment in Kenya has also increased tremendously due to the implementation of free primary education programmes in the last two years. Gross enrolment in primary schools now averages 99 per cent. In total, the Government allocates over 28 per cent of its resources to education.

However, the challenges that have emerged as a result of the programme are enormous. Those include overstretched physical facilities, a high pupil-to-teacher ratio, overcrowding in schools, and the high cost of equipment for children with special needs.

Although the threat of HIV/AIDS remains real, we have made tremendous progress in controlling the spread of HIV. For instance, in Kenya we succeeded in reducing the prevalence of the HIV/AIDS infection from a high of 18 per cent in 2000 to less than 7 per cent in 2004. That success is largely attributed to the policy and institutional arrangements that Kenya has put in place, together with strong support from our development partners.

In spite of the commendable drop in the infection rate, Kenya's health sector continues to face serious challenges from malaria and other communicable diseases. That calls for increased spending in the sector to address those challenges. Accordingly, Kenya has increased spending in the health sector from 8.6 per cent of Government expenditure in the financial year 2004-2005 to 9.9 per cent in 2005-2006.

My Government recognizes the critical role of environmental issues in the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. In that respect, we have taken steps to ensure the sustainable management of the environment. Some of the specific measures we have taken include proper management of forest resources, the sustainable use and management of natural resources and, above all, ensuring that there is an adequate legal and institutional framework. Furthermore, my Government is according priority to the rehabilitation and expansion of infrastructure, such as roads, energy, housing, water and telecommunications. That is in recognition of the high potential of those sectors to accelerate the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.

As I have already observed, the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals continues to be determined by challenges posed by the debt burden and low disbursements of donor aid. Kenya continues to struggle with its huge debt burden, with about 30 per cent of all our revenues from the export of goods and services going to service the external debt. We believe that the country can be set on a sustained growth path through increased development assistance, as well as debt relief, to supplement our efforts. Indeed, we have just concluded a comprehensive assessment of the full range of interventions and resources required to meet the Millennium Development Goals by 2015. The results indicate that the financial requirements are way beyond what we can afford as a country.

In conclusion, allow me to reiterate that the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals is the collective responsibility of the world community. I therefore call upon the international community to render its full support and ensure that the commitments made in 2000 are met.

The Co-Chairperson (Gabon)

The Assembly will now hear an address by His Excellency Mr. Ivan Gasparovi, President of the Slovak Republic.

President Gasparovi (Slovakia)

Sixty years is an important anniversary for a person or an organization. It is usually a time for celebration. For the United Nations, it is more a time for contemplation and introspection.

A look at today's world often shows us a very contradictory picture. On the one hand, we are flying into outer space, and on the other entire nations are dying of hunger. We have mapped the human genome, while there are places on Earth where people are dying because of shortages of basic medicines and health care. Human rights have been declared for 60 years and are a part of a universally endorsed document adopted right here at the United Nations, and yet there are still States that deny their citizens' most basic rights while claiming that human rights standards vary from country to country. We have copious knowledge, which enables us to split the atom, but we do not have enough rationality to prevent the misuse of nuclear fission for the manufacture of nuclear weapons. We are capable of building skyscrapers hundreds of meters high, while elsewhere we are tearing down the tin shacks of the poorest among us.

As if we did not have enough problems, there are people who are willing to sacrifice not only their own lives, but also the lives of others -- usually innocent civilians -- in pursuit of their goals. But terrorist attacks have not changed one essential thing -- they have not changed our values. There has been one change, however. We have changed our perception of international security.

It is apparent that the satisfaction of the most elementary human needs cannot be taken for granted in a large part of the planet. On the contrary, even at the beginning of the twenty-first century, it is necessary to fight for them. Millions of people are living in hardship. Additional millions do not have guarantees of basic human rights and essentially all live in fear as a result of global terrorism. In brief, the right to a dignified life remains only a right and not an everyday reality.

The world is at a crossroads and the most important global Organization also stands at that crossroads. Much hangs in the balance, and maintaining the status quo will solve nothing. To say it more openly, maintaining the status quo could lead to the United Nations losing its relevance altogether. In all probability, if the United Nations cannot be reformed, its Member States will look for other ways to promote their interests. The United Nations cannot remain just some sort of a debate club that fails to provide working solutions. The United Nations and its institutions can regain their prestige and accountability only when they prove themselves able to adopt operational decisions for the solving of today's imminent problems.

Let me cite just one specific example. Given the fact that the list of terrorist attacks is growing day by day, it is difficult to explain to our citizens why the global strategy in the fight against terrorism has been sitting on our desks for six months. That is true, too, for the comprehensive convention on terrorism. Further hesitation and endless negotiations on that issue only enable terrorists to pretend that their inhuman fight is legitimate. I will not be saying anything new when I assert that a resolute, operational and coordinated approach by the international community is necessary in this situation and that the United Nations central role in it is irreplaceable.

On this occasion, I cannot fail to mention that we followed with concern the course of discussions on United Nations reform, which briefly threatened to develop into a deep crisis. We also noted with concern the problems in drafting the outcome document. If multilateralism is to be truly effective, it cannot be based on a search for the least common denominator. On the contrary, it must be driven by the world's current needs. We must avoid one long-standing myth and stop equating multilateralism with absolute consensus. Narrow, individual interests cannot hinder the efforts of a large majority of countries. Processes that move the Organization forward cannot be slowed by the pretext of consensus. If the opposite were true, there would be no search for consensus, but an adjustment to the particular interests of a small minority of countries.

Slovakia does not consider inaction to be an answer. For that reason, together with the European Union, we firmly support efforts for reform that would adapt the United Nations to new conditions. For Slovakia, the idea of effective multilateralism is not just a trendy buzzword in international relations, but a true guarantee of security, equality and justice.

Although it does not fully reflect our ideas and ambitions on the depth and forcefulness of measures needed to reform the United Nations system, the draft outcome document is, in our opinion, a basic starting point for a more effective multilateralism whose central role is to be played by the United Nations. At the same time, it is necessary to remain sober-minded in its assessment. The draft outcome document is not a solution to today's situation, but only a guide to its resolution. The draft outcome document is first and foremost a framework for further steps. For the latter, we will need much political will and many compromises. The sixtieth session of the General Assembly will be as important to the success of a reform package as today's summit. On the other hand, a number of ambitious proposals had to give way to compromise, but that does not mean that they should be stricken or forgotten.

Further steps will undoubtedly be necessary to make the United Nations Secretariat more effective and better managed, achieve more effective operation and avoid duplication or a lack of coordination in the work of individual institutions and organizations of the United Nations system.

The completion and strengthening of the human rights dimension and a renewal of the dynamics of negotiations and measures in the area of disarmament and non-proliferation continue to be challenges. We are convinced that in the upcoming period the international community will find enough political will and determination to solve these issues, in the interest of strengthening the role and authority of the United Nations in the system of global relations.

In conclusion, I would like to call your attention to the success story of the transformation of Slovakia from a former recipient of assistance into a donor country. This demonstrates that it is indeed possible to overcome serious economic problems and to stabilize social growth and development. It does, however, require more than just international aid or debt relief. The creation of a safe and stable legal, political and corporate environment must be the absolute priority. We are pleased to see that the report by the Secretary-General, "In larger freedom", and the resulting summit decisions, as articulated in the outcome document, emphasize exactly what Slovakia has learned from its own experience, namely, that development is not possible without guarantees for the security of the country, without respect for human rights and the rule of law and without good governance and the effective management of one's own affairs.

I would like to take this opportunity to assure you that Slovakia stands ready to share its experience and best practices in the implementation of its domestic reforms and also, in this way, to contribute to the fulfilment of the Millennium Development Goals.

The Co-Chairperson (Gabon)

The Assembly will now hear an address by His Excellency Mr. Rakhmonov, President of the Republic of Tajikistan.

President Rakhmonov (Tajikistan)

Five years ago, in this Hall, the heads of State and Government of the Member States of the United Nations reaffirmed their commitment to the values of peace, freedom and equality, and undertook to eliminate poverty and ensure development throughout the world. This determination has been enshrined in the Millennium Declaration. Since that time, a great deal has been done to achieve the Development Goals, but it is clear that this is not enough. More than a billion inhabitants of our world live in extreme poverty, tens of thousands of children are dying every day from hunger and disease and we see an increase in environmental and other problems.

Among the most serious global challenges and threats are terrorism, drug trafficking and the modern-day slave trade. We need to develop joint efforts to extirpate those shameful phenomena. It is especially important that we work together to find an answer to the question why there has been an upsurge in terrorist violence in the world, avoiding excessive simplifications and generalizations in attaching any type of ideological or religious labels. In this connection, it is dangerous to talk about so-called Islamic terrorism. This is designed to discredit and stigmatize Islam and the Islamic world, and it has nothing to do with the dialogue of civilizations. In the political and legal assessment of terrorist activities, there should not be dual standards, depending on one's standpoint, just as there is no such thing as moderate or immoderate terrorists. The international community should hold to single criteria and standards in combating all forms and manifestations of terrorism.

Combating the production and spread of drugs, which is a breeding ground for terrorism and international criminal activity and a serious barrier to sustainable development, should be also a global task, just like the fight against terrorism. In this context, there is an increasing need to establish, under the aegis of the United Nations, an effective global anti-drug partnership.

The international community is facing the need to give powerful momentum to social and economic progress and to the achievement of the Millennium Goals by all countries. A key here is the principle of shared responsibility of countries on the basis of the Monterrey Consensus, as was reaffirmed in the Johannesburg Plan of Action. Tajikistan offers a clear and positive reaffirmation of the link between security and development. With the assistance of the United Nations, we were the first in the world to undertake a comprehensive evaluation of the needs of our country in order to achieve the Millennium Goals. At the same time, Tajikistan is among those countries whose social and economic development at this stage depends on assistance from abroad. We hope that the international donor community will, as a very minimum, double the assistance it is giving today.

The burden of external indebtedness is one of the most serious obstacles to progress. In the case of Tajikistan, it would be effective to include an innovative mechanism for solving the debt problem, such as, for example, the offering of credits under the "Debt Cancellation for Sustainable Development" formula. The donor countries, including the members of the G-8, can be assured that the resources released will be used to combat poverty and to solve a whole series of problems impeding the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.

In the context of development, it is difficult to overestimate the significance of regional cooperation, especially in Central Asia. Tajikistan has consistently advocated the intensification and the consolidation of regional integration, including through such machinery as the Central Asian Cooperation Organization, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Eurasian Cooperation Organization.

The countries of our region are profoundly interested in the positive development of complex processes which are taking place in Afghanistan and in the economic development of Afghanistan and its Central Asian neighbours, bearing in mind that the regional context of the post-conflict recovery of that country is a guarantee for the success of the efforts underway there to restore peace and stability. We are convinced that multifaceted regional cooperation must fully encompass Afghanistan within the framework of the concept of a greater Central Asia, through the adoption of a common vision.

One of the most important sources of wealth in our world, which is not only a basis for environmental balance but also the most important basis for economic well-being, is water resources. The commemoration in 2003 of the International Year of Fresh Water was a benchmark in the establishment of an international water agenda. We are grateful to all those countries which have supported this initiative on the part of Tajikistan. Bearing in mind the serious nature of the problem of water for the countries of Central Asia, I propose that, under the aegis of the United Nations, we establish an international mechanism to coordinate efforts, with a view to alleviating the consequences of the destruction of the Aral Sea, whereby we can give priority to the regional pilot project to achieve the Millennium Development Goals.

As is well known, 22 March 2005 marked the beginning of the International Decade for Action, "Water for Life", 2005-2015, which also was proposed by Tajikistan. As one of the steps towards achieving the Millennium Goals, I propose that in 2010 we hold an international forum in Dushanbe on drinking water, so that together we can evaluate the practical implementation of a coordinated international drinking water agenda.

Tajikistan has consistently advocated the further enhancement of the role of the United Nations as a central international forum designed to find a common overall approach to problems of development in all countries and to do this while paying attention to the specific conditions of each country. We must do our utmost to ensure that the current summit meeting will go down in history as a breakthrough in the development of international cooperation for peace and development and as an example of goals achieved. We rely on a renewed, strong United Nations for support and assistance in this endeavour.

The Co-Chairperson (Gabon)

The General Assembly will now hear an address by His Majesty Don Juan Carlos I, King of the Kingdom of Spain.

King Juan Carlos I (Spain)

I should like to convey my congratulations to the Co-Chairpersons of this High-level Plenary Meeting, Their Excellencies the President of Gabon and the Prime Minister of Sweden, who, I am sure, will lead our deliberations very ably.

I would also like to express my appreciation to the President of the General Assembly at its fifty-ninth session, Mr. Jean Ping, for his effective leadership during the preparations for this Plenary Meeting. I have no doubt that his successor, Ambassador Jan Eliasson, will implement our decisions successfully.

Above all, however, we owe the holding of this meeting to Secretary-General Kofi Annan, who two years ago expressed his belief that the United Nations was at a critical juncture and initiated steps to see it through this phase.

Before proceeding with my statement, I would like to reiterate, on my own account, and on behalf of the Government and the people of Spain, my most sincere condolences and solidarity to the authorities and to the people of the United States of America, as host country of our Organization, with respect to the tragic aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, which has claimed so many victims and caused so much destruction.

I would like to start by pointing out that we should strengthen multilateralism, turning it into a useful tool for building an international order based on three interdependent, indivisible and fundamental pillars: peace and security, respect for human rights and sustainable development.

Our societies are every day more conscious of the complex horizons offered by our present world. We cannot disappoint them. The commemoration of the sixtieth anniversary of the Organization affords the ideal opportunity for us to agree on an ambitious programme of reforms aimed at reinvigorating and strengthening the multilateral mechanisms and institutions of the United Nations system. The United Nations is today, without doubt, the most powerful and inclusive multilateral instrument available to international society.

This Plenary Meeting has an ambitious agenda. It must evaluate compliance with the Millennium Goals. There is no more urgent or crucial task for the international community today. I believe that all of us have come here with the clear conviction that we are still far from reaching our objectives, and that we cannot fail to meet the expectations that have been created.

The new and complex realities emerging at the beginning of the twenty-first century highlight the world's dramatic struggle between progress and inequality, without having tools good enough to allow progress to benefit everyone equally. The reports and information that are available about the huge needs, inequalities, injustices and suffering still endured by millions of human beings are devastating. This breaks our hearts, especially where it affects children and the most vulnerable.

Spain has experienced sustained economic development, and thus understands solidarity as a rising social and personal value. For that reason, we would not be faithful to our principles if we were not ready to translate our prosperity into cooperation and commitment to others. I am, therefore, pleased to reiterate Spain's firm determination to increase our commitment to the eradication of hunger and poverty and to the development of the world's most disadvantaged countries, devoting particular attention to the needs of Africa, without forgetting medium-income nations, especially those in Latin America.

Spain is firmly committed to peacekeeping efforts; these should be strengthened. A good illustration of our commitment is the unselfish contribution of our armed and security forces in several parts of the world, including Haiti, the Balkans and Afghanistan. I pay special tribute to all those involved in peacekeeping and international cooperation missions who dedicate themselves to their work, up to the ultimate sacrifice of their lives. They are a poignant example of dedication to others. I am thinking in particular of our soldiers who died recently in Afghanistan in the performance of the mission entrusted to them under the mandate of the Security Council to support the current process of reconstruction and political transition.

No State can hope today to resolve on its own the common challenges and threats to the coexistence and well-being of our peoples. Terrorism, always cruel, unjustifiable and inhuman; the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction; the illegal arms trade; and the serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law: these all require a decisive and collective response, based on solidarity, and should be duly reflected in the decisions we adopt.

I would like to express before this Assembly Spain's full support for the global counter-terrorism strategy of the United Nations, outlined by the Secretary-General in Madrid on 10 March of this year, and to recall that one of its main components is assistance and support for all victims and their families.

The reform of United Nations bodies is necessary to adapt the Organization to its new challenges.

The promotion and protection of human rights is central to Spain's foreign policy priorities. We therefore support the creation of a Human Rights Council that would assume more effectively the mandate of the Commission on Human Rights, incorporating existing protection mechanisms into its activities and improving those mechanisms.

Revitalizing the General Assembly in order to focus its attention on the priority issues of our time; reforming the Security Council, based on the broadest possible agreement, to make it more effective, more democratic, more representative and truly capable of ensuring compliance with its decisions; strengthening the role of the Economic and Social Council in an interdependent and globalized world; creating a Peacebuilding Commission that can at last fill the void that has existed until now in post-conflict situations; and, lastly, strengthening the Secretariat and improving the management of the Organization: all these are objectives that Spain shares. We hope to contribute actively to achieving them.

Before concluding, I wish to say that the Spanish Government welcomes the Secretary-General's endorsement last July of a Spanish initiative, co-sponsored by Turkey, by establishing a high-level group that will present a report by the end of 2006 for a plan of action for a proposed alliance of civilizations.

In a year that marks the fiftieth anniversary of Spain's membership in the United Nations, may I reiterate my country's faithful and firm commitment to the purposes and principles of the Charter, to effective multilateralism and to a renewed United Nations.

The Co-Chairperson (Gabon)

I now call on His Exellency Mr. Fradique Bandeira Melo de Menezes, President of the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe.

President De Menezes (Sao Tome and Principe)

At this time, as we commemorate the sixtieth anniversary of the United Nations, we are unanimous in recognizing that international society has undergone many varied changes that make it very different from the one that existed in the far-off year of 1945. That makes the need for an adaptation and revitalization of this Organization more than evident.

It is never too much to emphasize the new challenges and threats that mankind is confronted with, specifically infectious diseases, the degradation of the environment, natural disasters, international organized crime, corruption, the proliferation of all types of weapons, terrorism, constant violations of human rights and others.

Today we must all recognize that, despite the significant changes in the international political scene, we continue to live under permanent and persistent evidence of new threats, against which we must adopt a more vigorous and interventionist position to prevent excesses that could jeopardize the survival of mankind and of nature itself. Eradicating hunger and extreme poverty, ensuring universal primary education, fostering gender equality, guaranteeing environmental sustainability, developing global partnerships, reducing infant mortality, improving the health of mothers and babies, fighting HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases and malaria: all these are matters that require collective work and, therefore, constitute a tremendous challenge for all of us.

In terms of the Millennium Goals, we are all aware of them. We know they are ambitious, but they constitute an attainable goal if there is political will on the part of the Member States coupled with making the required financial resources available. Therefore, words and promises must be transformed into concrete actions.

Aware of our responsibilities and of the need to create conditions and an environment favourable for meeting the Millennium Goals, São Tomé and Príncipe has adopted a strategic plan to reduce poverty. Many principal development partners have participated in its implementation, and from them we request continued support, without which our economic indicators will continue to deteriorate.

In connection with the Millennium Goals, may I make some comments on the report of the Commission for Africa, an initiative of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Mr. Tony Blair. This initiative, including the recommendations for African Governments, is welcome, and I hope that all members of the G-8 will endorse them and work toward their implementation.

If we analyse the different conflict situations, particularly in Africa, whose resolution was possible only thanks to the intervention of the United Nations, we are forced to note that in several cases the political solution to the conflict was not sufficiently followed up, leaving serious social and economic situations unresolved, with often very dramatic effects on the population.

São Tomé and Príncipe supports the idea of establishing a Commission for Peace whose function would be to help in conflict prevention. Likewise, we support the idea of cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations to prevent, manage and resolve conflicts and to keep the peace. In the case of Africa this reinforced cooperation with the specialized bodies of the African Union will specifically allow for the training of resources in this area.

The desired reform of our Organization must not neglect the need to confer upon the United Nations its true universal nature, such that all nations of the world are represented in it -- a fact that has not yet occurred with respect to the 23 million inhabitants of Taiwan.

The Co-Chairperson (Gabon)

I now give the floor to Ms. Tarja Halonen, President of the Republic of Finland.

President Halonen (Finland)

My congratulations to the Co-Chairpersons. I would like to thank cordially all those who have contributed to the preparation of this summit, in particular Mr. Jean Ping and Secretary-General Kofi Annan.

Security, development and human rights go hand in hand, and they are key factors in arriving at a more just world. Today more than ever before, the opportunities for doing good are enormous. We have the capacity, and we have the knowledge and resources. We lack only delivery.

We all are part of the same global community. With effective cooperation, we can reform globalization and make it an effective tool for achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Eliminating poverty and inequality and promoting sustainable development of the economy and the environment are our common goals. We have to improve the status and rights of women and respect the rights of children.

The international community has begun to understand the importance of the social dimension of globalization. Employment has to be made a global goal. Access to decent work and an education for all are the key to lifting individuals and nations from poverty to prosperity.

The second conference of the Helsinki Process on Globalisation and Democracy, held last week, sent a message to this summit. Dialogue between governments, business and non-governmental organizations will help promote fair globalization. More space for multi-stakeholder dialogue is also needed in the United Nations.

The goals of the United Nations Charter are still valid. To fulfil them in the globalized world we need effective multilateralism, institutional reforms and adequate resources for development. For that, we need to improve the quantity, quality and effectiveness of aid, as well as policy coherence. In addition, we must see that HIV/AIDS is a social challenge calling for a multisectoral response. Ensuring reproductive health and rights is crucial in all aspects of development.

I am happy with the outcome document, which provides a basis for further work during the coming months. Still, I would have liked to see our firm commitment to fight terrorism accompanied by progress in disarmament and non-proliferation as well.

Finland is in favour of a comprehensive reform of the United Nations. The General Assembly must regain its authority. We have to find a solution in this General Assembly session to Security Council reform. The Council has to be expanded with both new permanent and new non-permanent members. We need to continue with the proper reform of the economic and social sector of the United Nations.

Finland welcomes the decision to set up a Peacebuilding Commission. Its work should start by the given deadline. Moreover, it is particularly important to strengthen the status of human rights issues within the United Nations. Our decision to set up a Human Rights Council is excellent, but all the modalities need to be resolved as a matter of urgency. For real progress, we must ensure that enough women participate in the work of these new bodies.

We have committed ourselves to challenging goals, in particular to reducing extreme poverty by half by the year 2015. So far, our efforts have not been sufficient. We all now share the responsibility for making the common goals come true.

The Co-Chairperson (Gabon)

I now give the floor to Her Excellency Mrs. Vaira Vike-Freiberga, President of the Republic of Latvia.

President Vike-Freiberga (Latvia)

As we gather to mark the sixtieth anniversary of the United Nations, we recognize that it needs fundamental and far-reaching reforms to remain viable as an organization and to be capable of meeting the modern-day challenges of the twenty-first century.

Freedom from want, freedom from fear and freedom to live in dignity must be the leading goals of our Organization so that we can meet the rightful expectations of our peoples across the globe.

As one of the Secretary-General's five special envoys, I have heard many expressions of support for the Secretary-General's proposals contained in his report "In larger freedom", an important and historical document for the United Nations. Yet reaching a consensus has proved to be a very difficult task indeed, as many of us have approached these proposals from quite radically different viewpoints.

The President of the General Assembly at its fifty-ninth session, Mr. Jean Ping, deserves our highest praise for showing leadership and crafting an outcome document that reflects our concerns and aspirations in a fair and delicately balanced way. Adoption of this document will provide us with a framework for action. The stakes are higher than they have ever been. We must display the political will and the courage to forge ahead with implementation of our decisions. We have reaffirmed our commitment to achieving the United Nations Millennium Development Goals of reducing poverty and disease, promoting children's education and gender equality, fostering sustainable and environmentally friendly development and creating an international climate of peace and security among the nations of this planet. Any aid programme must be administered responsibly through good governance in an honest, open and transparent manner.

I am pleased that we have agreed on the need to establish a Peacebuilding Commission by the end of the year. The Commission can fill a vital role in post-conflict recovery and consolidation of sustainable peace.

I am also pleased that we have agreed on the establishment of a Human Rights Council, but I wish to stress that such a body must be endowed with genuine authority. I welcome the decision to strengthen the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and to provide it with the funds necessary for its activities.

Human rights go hand in hand with democracy, which is why Latvia supports the establishment of a Democracy Fund. I am firmly convinced that such a fund could provide valuable assistance to those countries that have embarked on the path of consolidating democratic political systems and the rule of law.

A major step forward is our unequivocal condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations. Terrorism is a scourge that requires the concerted efforts of the entire international community to be defeated and defeated it must be. We need to achieve rapid progress on concluding a comprehensive convention on international terrorism.

For the past 12 years, we have been engaged in discussions about changes to the Security Council. Although practically everyone agrees on the need to reform this important United Nations body and to render it more representative of today's geopolitical realities, no consensus has been reached regarding the manner in which that should be done. It promises to be one of the most difficult issues to resolve, but we should nevertheless not abandon our efforts to reach a feasible accord by the end of this year.

The United Nations has recently gone through some difficult times. We must never forget the many years of devoted service and sacrifice on the part of the majority of the United Nations workers. Unfortunately, we have also seen cases of graft, theft and embezzlement in the United Nations administrative structures. We have heard horror stories of women and children being raped and abused by individual blue helmet peacekeepers. That is why we must take some hard and responsible decisions and that is why we must implement some resolute measures to ensure that such major transgressions never happen again. We must do what is required to strengthen and reform this Organization, for, despite its imperfections, the world does need the United Nations. It needs it now more than ever before.

The Co-Chairperson (Gabon)

The General Assembly will now hear a statement from His Excellency Mr. Festus Mogae, President of the Republic of Botswana.

President Mogae (Botswana)

Five years ago we convened here in New York to usher in a new millennium. With great enthusiasm and hope, we then resolved to tackle the key challenges facing our world. In particular, we committed ourselves to fight extreme poverty, preventable diseases, human conflict, environmental degradation and global warming. The resulting Millennium Declaration that was adopted has become the framework by which we have set ourselves targets to ensure that we take action to build a better world for all our people. In our collective commitment as Member States of this body, rich and poor, large and small, weak and strong, we have recognized an obligation to work together in order to create a more just and more equitable global order. We also then realized that, by virtue of its universality, the United Nations remains the only vehicle through which we can realize our universal aspirations.

The challenges facing the United Nations today are daunting. If anything, they have become more complex and more demanding than they were 60 years ago. Botswana believes that to enhance the role and relevance of the United Nations and to keep it so that it can respond to the evolving challenges of the twenty-first century, this summit must move forward in key areas, namely, the implementation of previously agreed international development goals, overcoming threats to international peace and security, ensuring enhanced respect for human rights and the rule of law, and achieving long-sought institutional reform. Botswana is convinced that through collective measures we can overcome these challenges. In this regard, the Monterrey Consensus provides a framework for the global community to mobilize financial resources. Progress will also be enhanced if the commitments made at the recent G-8 Summit in Scotland are fully and expeditiously implemented. We welcome here the commitment by a number of developed countries to increase their development expenditure to 0.7% of their GNI between now and 2015. With respect to trade, Botswana encourages accelerated progress in the current Doha round negotiations, which could pave the way for the round itself to be completed by next year.

The High-level Panel of Eminent Persons has reconfirmed the interrelationship between development, human rights, peace and security. It is our responsibility to find further consensus on these issues in the context of the new threats and opportunities that face us all over this globalized world.

We in Botswana condemn terrorism in all its manifestations. We believe that the international community should be able to agree on a comprehensive convention on terrorism on the basis of a common definition and a common understanding of what constitutes terrorist acts. This session should endeavour to reach agreement on these two related issues.

Conflicts on our own continent are naturally of particular concern to us. Currently a number of African countries are under Security Council consideration and also account for a significant portion of the United Nations peacekeeping budget. The resolution of these conflicts can go a long way toward ensuring the economic and social development of the wider African region, as well as that of the affected countries themselves. To this end, there is need for greater cooperation between the United Nations and the African Union to strengthen conflict prevention and peacekeeping mechanisms.

The debate on United Nations reform has been going on for a long time. After 12 years of negotiation on Security Council reform, the time is now ripe to move forward, and in 60 years of existence the membership of the United Nations has grown from 51 to 191 Member States. This underscores the need to transform this critical organ in order to make it more representative of our world of today, through increased membership and improved working methods. Admittedly, this summit faces difficult decisions on the reform of the Security Council, but the recommendations made by the High-level Panel provide us with a guide for consensus. In this respect, no position should be embraced as if it were a dogma, for the status quo is not in our collective interest. For our part, Botswana is prepared to be flexible in negotiations conducted in good faith.

A consensus has now emerged on the need to revitalize the General Assembly in its role as the deliberative policymaking and representative organ of the United Nations. In this regard, Botswana shares the view that the role and authority of the Assembly must be reasserted and its President should play a greater leadership role in refocusing its agenda. Botswana has, over the years, demonstrated commitment to the principles of democracy, social justice, human rights and the rule of law. These very principles continue to motivate our commitment to ensuring that human rights issues receive prominence in our global agenda. We therefore support measures that are intended to strengthen the focus on human rights issues including the creation of a new Human Rights Council. Guaranteeing the full enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms is one aspect of the broader mandate of the United Nations to protect our populations. In this day and age we can no longer afford to stand back if a country fails to protect its citizens against grave human rights abuses. In this respect, we embrace the concept of "responsibility to protect".

Another welcome initiative that Botswana supports is the establishment of a Peacebuilding Commission. We are convinced that this important post-conflict recovery mechanism can create the opportunity for millions of people to achieve sustainable development where before there was turmoil and despair. Botswana commends the Secretary-General for his ongoing efforts to implement management reform of the United Nations. To better facilitate the mandates we entrust to him, the Secretary-General will require not only adequate resources, but also greater authority, so as to ensure that the Organization is able to rapidly respond to evolving priorities.

In conclusion, this summit provides us all with a historic opportunity to make far-reaching decisions on the reform of the Organization. Botswana's view is that reform is imperative if the United Nations is to have the ability to respond to the critical challenges of the twenty-first century.

The Co-Chairperson (Gabon)

The General Assembly will now hear a statement from His Excellency Mr. Pervez Musharraf, President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

President Musharraf (Pakistan)

It is a privilege to address this sixtieth session of the General Assembly. We are participating in an historic event -- the endeavour to establish a just world order for the twenty-first century. The decisions we take here will have far-reaching consequences. It is, therefore, our solemn responsibility to bequeath a legacy of hope and peace to future generations. We cannot afford to fail.

Thanks to the Secretary-General and President Jean Ping, a year' s process of reflection and discussion has produced ideas and proposals to enhance international security, development and human rights.

This High-level Plenary Meeting offers us an opportunity to recommit ourselves to the principles and purposes of the United Nations Charter. Let us pledge to make the United Nations a more effective and relevant institution for the twenty-first century.

We believe that international security can be best promoted when every State sees peace as being in its best interest; when States believe that they can realize their interests through mutual cooperation; when the supremacy of equitable principles is established over the realities of unequal power; when Member States agree to utilize the United Nations to harmonize their policies and reconcile their interests.

The Security Council should work openly on behalf of the general membership. The Council should become more representative, not by adding a new elite, but by reflecting more fully the entire spectrum of the United Nations membership. This can be achieved only through patient dialogue and general consensus.

The challenges confronting international peace and security are formidable and many. Terrorism and the threat from weapons of mass destruction are among them. Yet, even as we address new threats, we should not, and we cannot, ignore the legacy of festering problems left by the past. Peace and justice must come to the people of Palestine as well as of Jammu and Kashmir.

We must be prepared not only to proclaim our principles but also to defend them and, above all, live up to them. United Nations resolutions, especially decisions of the Security Council, must be implemented.

It is in this spirit that Pakistan is pursuing the composite dialogue with India. We want the dialogue process to result in the start of a new era of peace and cooperation in South Asia. Our nations must not remain trapped by hate and history in a cycle of confrontation and conflict. For this to happen, it is essential to find a just solution of the dispute over Jammu and Kashmir, acceptable to Pakistan and India and above all to the people of Kashmir.

Today, terrorism is a primary threat to world order. We must fight terrorism, in all its forms, outlaw it and eliminate it. We need a comprehensive strategy for success. At the same time, we need to understand and address the motives behind terrorist acts. These may not justify terrorism, but they do explain it. To eliminate terrorist violence, we will need to eliminate it in the minds of potential terrorists. No religion sanctions terrorism. The motives of terrorists, however misguided, are always political. I have suggested a strategy of enlightened moderation, which can ensure success in eliminating terrorism and extremism. I trust that this will be reflected in the deliberations of the new commission created by the Secretary-General on an alliance of civilizations.

Weapons of mass destruction must not fall into the hands of terrorists. To prevent this, we must aim to eliminate both the terrorists and the weapons of mass destruction. The catastrophic consequences of a nuclear war make it imperative to prevent one from ever taking place. Both the proliferation and the perpetual possession of nuclear weapons pose an unacceptable global danger. We must evolve a new consensus to achieve disarmament and non-proliferation.

We also need to prevent the destabilizing accumulation and build-up of conventional weapons and forces, especially in regions of tension such as the Middle East, South Asia and North-East Asia. Pakistan will continue to promote a nuclear and conventional weapons restraint regime in South Asia.

Peace and development are interdependent. Although action for development must be largely local, it is critically dependent -- in our globalized world -- on the external economic environment. Paradoxically, globalization has increased both poverty and prosperity. The rules of international trade and finance and technology access are weighted against the poor and the weak. In fact, the poor should be offered a "development handicap" to enable them to successfully integrate into a world market of unequal players.

The empowerment of women through an articulated strategy, such as we have initiated in Pakistan, is particularly crucial for bringing about social change. Respect for human rights is an integral element of both peace and development. Economic rights are as important as political and civil rights. A hungry man is never a free man. The new human rights architecture we will create -- such as the proposed Human Rights Council -- should advance human rights through cooperation and mutual support. Genocide, ethnic cleansing and similar grave violations must be prevented. As a first step, the United Nations should be given a standing authority to send a fact-finding mission to the area where a conflict has broken out.

Pakistan has contributed actively and constructively to the preparation of this High-level Plenary Meeting' s important decisions. We shall work equally to ensure that our decisions are translated into action.

At this meeting, let us resolve to make poverty history, peace permanent and freedom universal.

The Co-Chairperson (Gabon)

The General Assembly will now hear a statement from His Excellency Mr. Robert Gabriel Mugabe, President of the Republic of Zimbabwe.

President Mugabe (Zimbabwe)

Let me begin by congratulating the Co-Chairpersons for accepting the onerous task of presiding over this epochal event. I am confident that their able leadership will successfully carry us through this session.

Five years ago, we met here in New York at the Millennium Summit and agreed on eight development goals that we believed were realistic and achievable. We were hopeful that, all things being equal, we would be able to meet the targets we had set for ourselves in order to achieve those Goals.

It is now for us to review the progress we have made in implementing the Millennium Declaration. Regrettably, for many developing countries, including Zimbabwe, all things have not been equal. Our national progress report, launched recently, shows that our efforts have been seriously affected by recurrent droughts and floods, HIV and AIDS and, of course, unilateral sanctions imposed on us by countries that do not wish us well.

As a result, we are lagging behind on many of our targets. While the challenges are great, so is our commitment to achieving our MDGs, even with our limited means. Our achievements in the area of universal primary education are a testimony to that resolve. We have also committed ourselves to addressing extreme poverty and hunger by redistributing land to the majority of our citizens, who had been condemned to conditions of squalor by years of colonialism and its vestiges.

In reviewing the progress made towards the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals, we must have the courage to go beyond the mere posturing that is characterized by name-calling, finger-pointing and false accusations. Developing countries should be accorded policy space to develop their own strategies tailored to their developmental needs, within a framework that provides for accountability, transparency and integrity in the system. Development cannot proceed in the context of ideological rigidities and models that are not applicable to the diverse conditions and circumstances that exist in developing countries.

This is why, in global economic governance and the shaping of policies affecting international economic relations, it is important to ensure the existence of an inclusive process of decision-making in which developing countries can play a meaningful role. The simple fact is that every Government has the primary responsibility to promote and safeguard the economic and social development of its people. International efforts should only complement national programmes.

The challenge facing the attainment of the MDGs has not been the strategies and objectives as defined; rather, it lies within the degree of implementation. Not enough has been done to fulfil the commitments undertaken in the various United Nations conferences and summits. We are, therefore, concerned about the continuous, significant and clearly calculated decline in official development assistance (ODA) in recent years and reiterate the urgent need for a substantial increase of ODA, as agreed at Monterrey, Mexico.

As we deliberate on the institutional reform of the United Nations, let us do so in a manner that is open, transparent and consultative and that will deepen and consolidate multilateralism. Let us seek to secure the world by addressing the root causes of the present insecurity, which are to be found in poverty, hunger and disease on the one hand, and intolerance, double standards, xenophobia, selectivity and self-righteousness in our approach to issues on the other. A reformed United Nations should be one that plays a key role in coordinating development issues. The vision that we must present for a future United Nations should not be one filled with vague concepts that provide an opportunity for those States that seek to interfere in the internal affairs of other States. Concepts such as "humanitarian intervention" and the "responsibility to protect" need careful scrutiny in order to test the motives of their proponents.

The ongoing consultations on the restructuring of the United Nations are a matter of extreme importance to us and to the rest of the world. The current skewed power structures in the world body cannot be condoned on any conceivable grounds of democracy. Organs of the United Nations, including the Security Council, must be restructured to reflect the full will of nations great and small. We need to avoid situations where a few countries, by virtue of their privileged positions, their wealth or their military might, dictate the agenda for everybody else. We have witnessed instances where the sovereignty and territorial integrity of small and weak countries have been violated by the mighty and powerful, in defiance of agreed rules of procedures and the provisions of the United Nations Charter -- even on the basis of contrived lies: lies told in order to create a basis for aggression. And we have seen that aggression occur, even in the context of the so-called coalition. A coalition to defy international law becomes an aggressor coalition; indeed, it becomes a coalition of evil.

The international community needs, as it has done now, to return to the drawing board to rediscover, reassert and pursue in a practical manner the agenda for peace, security and development for all through fostering genuine cooperation based on respect for the sovereignty, equality and territorial integrity of all States big or small, rich or poor, mighty or not mighty.

It is within this context that we call upon the international community to remain true to the original principles and objectives of the United Nations Charter to achieve peace, security and development. This will allow us to bequeath to future generations a far safer, more prosperous and more stable world. It is my hope that, as we conclude our deliberations at this session, we will have asserted our commitment to those ideals.

The Co-Chairperson (Gabon)

The General Assembly will now hear an address by His Excellency Mr. Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria and former President of the General Assembly.

President Bouteflika (Algeria)

It would not be excessively pessimistic to say that the world in which we live is in a bad state. Apart from terrorism -- which is now appearing almost everywhere, and the list of whose victims and material damage continues to get longer -- natural disasters in various places are striking populations with unprecedented violence, leaving death in their wake. As for the environment, it is deteriorating dangerously because of the excessive consumption of natural resources and because of the spread of industrialization that is more interested in immediate profit than in the future of humankind. All of this is happening in spite of the commitments entered into at the Millennium Summit to fight poverty, disease and misery.

Today, we should rely on our Organization to coordinate and stimulate our efforts. This Organization was created for another era, and it quickly appeared that it could not face up to the problems of the modern world. International peace and security are fragile, and what has been labelled as clashes among cultures and interests has become a tangible conflict. However, the United Nations represents a valuable achievement that has to be reinforced and preserved. It needs serious revamping, which would strengthen its dynamism and allow us to have a better take on realities today. This reform should not be limited to an expansion of and increase in the power or the membership of the Security Council. There are other aspects that are just as important, on which we can have agreement.

I would like to emphasize the important role to be played by the General Assembly, which is entrusted with global sovereignty. We should also take another look at all of the institutions in the system and, at any rate, it should be clear to all that this desire to revamp the Organization should not cast doubt on our unswerving dedication to the Charter of the United Nations and its principles, nor our faith in the virtue and the value of the rule of law and of international action.

The untenable injustice done to the Palestinian people is further proof of the failure of the international order over the past six decades. The situation does not comply with international legality, as is also the case with the decolonization of the Western Sahara, which continues to be an urgent task for the Organization, one for which it must assume full responsibility.

Our contribution to the support and updating of our international institutions is based on our aspirations and hope that as a result of the joining of all ideas and opinions, there will be light at the end of the tunnel for all humankind for the future.

The Co-Chairperson (Gabon)

The Assembly will now hear an address by His Excellency Mr. Nestor Carlos Kirchner, President of the Argentine Republic.

President Kirchner (Argentina)

Five years ago, the Governments of our countries gathered in this very hall, hoping to work together in solving some of the most urgent and serious problems confronting our peoples. That is how the Millennium Declaration arose, and, with it, a renewed commitment by the international community to multilateralism and respect for human dignity. Concrete goals in development were promoted, aimed at resolving the imperative issues of hunger, poverty, infant mortality rates, diseases such as HIV-AIDS and malaria and other pandemics, and issues of social and legal gender inequality. The assessment of what we have achieved in these few years is far from satisfactory. The severity of the situation is basically the same. The modest advances in some issues, cannot, however, weaken our will or numb our conscience. Poverty, hunger and disease continue to afflict a vast proportion of women and men around the world. The absence of the rule of law and the massive violations of human rights in various parts of the world cause great suffering and deepen political instability and civil conflicts. The new and grave threats to international security have permeated the whole spectrum of international debate. Poverty, social inequality, injustice, social exclusion and the estrangement between expectations and reality bring about an element of instability, working against the strengthening of democracy and development.

A large part of the problem lies perhaps in the lack of correspondence between statements, true expressions of wish, and action. This is evident in two key areas, debt and international trade. The persistence of discriminatory and inequitable policies in international trade is part of this list of impediments to development, both for the poorest nations and for middle-income countries, such as my own, Argentina.

The prevalence of an ideological component in the policies of international credit institutions is also distressing. The so-called orthodox approach to the debt is an approach that has shown its shortcomings and inefficiency and that has worsened the conditions of poverty in the developing world, and this is perhaps the area where the prevalence of this component becomes most evident. Economic development, security and human rights are the basic pillars of the United Nations, and therefore the simultaneous progress that we achieve in all these three areas is the best assurance of international peace and the well-being of humanity.

With great effort, Argentina is returning to the path of development and has achieved sustained growth in its economy, while at the same time significantly reducing unemployment and poverty indices. After emerging from the crisis, indicators show a sustained growth in the economy, and a surplus in the fiscal external accounts, together with a recovery in national reserves. Argentina grew 8.8 per cent in 2003, 9 per cent in 2004 and over 9 per cent in the first half of 2005. The consolidated primary surplus is 5 per cent of GDP and reserves have increased from nearly ten billion dollars to over twenty-five billion. Exports this year will exceed forty billion dollars, with an estimated growth of about 15 per cent.

Unemployment dropped from 24 per cent in 2003 to 12.1 per cent over the first half of 2005. Poverty has dropped from 57.5 per cent to 40.2 per cent and absolute poverty rates have come down from 27.5 per cent in 2003 to 15 percent in 2004 and continue to decline. The real general salary index has risen 16 per cent.

Since overcoming default, Argentina has been strengthening its position as a target for foreign investment. Primary education enrolment is over 91.5 per cent. Illiteracy is under 3 per cent and women's literacy rates are over 97.4 per cent. Women's participation is growing and as a result, women hold over 33 per cent of seats in the House of Representatives and 43 per cent of seats in the Senate. Infant mortality rates have dropped significantly from 16.8 per 1,000 to the current 13 per 1,000. Public health programmes are being implemented now covering the entire population. Drinking water supplies and sewage systems are being expanded. Through an agreement with Brazil, medicines are going to be produced in order to cover the entire population infected with AIDS at an affordable price. Regrettably, throughout this process of recovery, expansion and transformation, we did not have the support of the International Monetary Fund, which had provided support until only weeks before the convertibility regime. During its crisis, Argentina made net payments of about 13.5 billion dollars.

Like many developing countries, we continue to endure both this archaic understanding of the indebtedness issue and an international trade system that is unfair to agricultural products, where subsidies and non-tariff barriers in developed countries continue to restrain our countries from full growth based on their genuine resources.

In this sense, we call for the Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization, which is to be held in Hong Kong, China, to fulfil the unfulfilled promise of placing development at the centre of international trade.

We are attentively following the international debate on the concept of the sustainability of external debt.

We believe that international finances are too important to be left in the hands of concerted interests that affect the stability of markets, discriminate against the small investor and spawn pro-cyclical policies.

That is why, in various forums, we have proposed modifications that increase the transparency of the international financial system, free this Organization from certain financial lobbies and bring enhanced stability to the capital flow, which promotes small investors.

There is neither ideology nor politics in this. We show concrete facts indicating that these financial organizations did not perform the role that they must perform.

Looking ahead, our country has structured a debt reduction strategy designed to gain degrees of independence as it implements its plans for development and the growth of its economy.

In this regard, we wish to reaffirm that payment of external financial commitments must not be made to the detriment of resources pledged to social areas, such as education, health, housing and employment. We shall be firm in maintaining this position when dealing with the international credit organizations, and we reiterate our call for increased transparency and democracy and for a deep restructuring and revision of their policies, in order to ensure fairness and efficiency.

Along these lines, Argentina has, since 2004, been a co-sponsor of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights resolution on the effects of structural adjustment policies and foreign debt on the full enjoyment of all human rights, particularly economic, social and cultural rights, which alludes clearly to the relationship between external indebtedness and the impossibility of effective enjoyment of human rights.

In conclusion, I wish to express the fervent hope of the people of Argentina that the United Nations will continue to guide us along the path towards peace, justice and development.

Many resolutions of this General Assembly and the Special Political and Decolonization Committee have established that the question of the Malvinas Islands, South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands are a special colonial situation that must be resolved through bilateral negotiations between my country and the United Kingdom. The Decolonization Committee has made repeated declarations to that effect, and we greatly value its action in seeking a solution to this question.

We once again reaffirm the constant readiness of our country to reach a final, fair and peaceful solution to this sovereignty dispute that is of central concern to the people of Argentina. We, therefore, urge the United Kingdom to respond promptly to the call of the international community to resume negotiations.

The Co-Chairperson (Gabon)

The General Assembly will now hear an address by Mr. Benjamin William Mkapa, President of the United Republic of Tanzania.

President Mkapa (Tanzania)

In 2000, world leaders undertook an in-depth review of decades of global efforts and unfulfilled promises to fight unacceptable levels of poverty. They agreed on shared universal values, and they ushered in hopes for timed and measurable development goals, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

Today, five years later, leaders stand accused of having failed to live up to their commitments. The Millennium Development Goals reflect our shared values about basic human rights -- the right to live in dignity. We cannot turn our backs on these basic values and the duties they impose on all countries and Governments. To do so would devalue our common humanity. We should, instead, renew our commitment, individually and collectively, to the MDGs and to their full integration into our national domestic policies, international development strategies, policies and actions.

For too long, there has been an unnecessary debate about whether the solution to poverty in Africa and elsewhere is more money. Of course, it is not simply a question of money. But, without money, few strategies, if any, could succeed. Likewise, good governance is necessary; but it alone will not eradicate poverty.

The developing countries are not blaming rich and industrialized countries for everything that is wrong or unfulfilled. What they are asking of them is a new commitment to keep their word. Developing countries, for their part, must fulfil their commitments to mobilize domestic resources, reform institutions to respond to national priorities and adopt effective, nationally owned economic and social policies to spur economic growth. The broader commitments to democracy, human rights and good governance must also be discharged.

Developed countries, for their part, must fulfil their responsibilities by increasing the flow and improving the effectiveness of development assistance; they must ensure that the Doha trade round is truly development-oriented; they must embrace wider and deeper debt relief; and they must facilitate technology transfer.

I thank the few rich countries that have attained or exceeded the target of 0.7 per cent of national income as official development assistance (ODA). I thank the European Union for having a timetable for the different member countries to reach this target by the year 2015. I thank the G-8 leaders who, in their Gleneagles Summit, agreed to increase annual aid flows and cancel the debts of least developed countries. I call on them not to backslide on these honourable commitments.

Then there is the unnecessary debate about absorptive capacity. Developing countries must be assessed severally, not collectively, to determine whether they have the system of governance and the absorptive capacity to benefit from increased levels of resources.

Let me use the example of my own country with regard to education goals. Using our own enhanced domestic revenues, increased ODA and debt relief, we were able to invest heavily in education, improving access and quality. We removed school fees for primary education, and the net enrolment rate increased from 58.8 per cent in 2000 to 90.5 per cent last year; and gender parity has been attained.

By 2006, Tanzania will have attained the second Millennium Development Goal, nine years ahead of target. Yes, where a developing country and its development partners all fulfil their responsibilities, it is possible to fast-track the attainment of the MDGs.

It never occurred to me that this body, meeting at such a high level, could have problems, not in agreeing to eradicate, but only in recommitting itself to halve poverty by 2015. I seriously urge the world to focus more on preventing crises than on responding to them. When a jumbo jet crashes, we all rush in with assistance; but we forget that every day 30,000 children die unnecessarily from poverty-related preventable causes; this loss is equivalent to 100 jumbo jet crashes every day.

A number of blueprints for success in the war on poverty have been promulgated since 2000. These include the Monterrey Consensus; the World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization; the Commission for Africa; the United Nations Millennium Project and others. Let us now start their implementation.

Aid is not charity; it is an investment in peace, security and human solidarity. By not addressing the causes of poverty, we are institutionalizing the business of charity. It does not make political sense; it does not make economic sense; it does not make ethical sense.

I commit my Government and country to the timed pursuit of the Millennium Development Goals and ask all countries, rich and poor, at the very minimum to implement fully the outcome document from this meeting, for which I commend the negotiators.

The Co-Chairperson (Gabon)

The Assembly will now hear an address by His Excellency Mr. László Sólyom, President of the Republic of Hungary.

President Sólyom (Hungary)

It is indeed an honour and privilege for me to attend this High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly of the United Nations. Without the United Nations, today's world would be a place with less security and freedom, less social justice and democracy.

On the other hand, today we face unprecedented challenges and grave menaces. Here, I have in mind terrorist acts, the danger of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and internal armed conflicts. We continue to be haunted by shocking human suffering from hunger, poverty and disease and extraordinary natural disasters. We also have to confront the serious degradation of the environment.

We fully concur with the Secretary-General's report, in which he states that challenges in the areas of security, development and human rights are interlinked. We should respond to these challenges accordingly.

Terrorism is unacceptable under any circumstances. States must protect and defend their citizens against terrorist acts by all necessary means. At the same time, Member States are under an obligation to safeguard human rights and fundamental freedoms for all. In this respect, I wish to express my hope that the General Assembly will finalize a counter-terrorist strategy and conclude a comprehensive convention on terrorism.

Since the establishment of the United Nations, our world has fundamentally changed. Our civilization has entered a new era defined by an explosion of communications, global trade an