General Assembly Session 57 meeting 25

Ms. Plaisted (United States)

This past year has witnessed extraordinary events and dramatic developments in achieving the goals of the Millennium Summit. These have been marked as well in the work of this Organization.

In the field of international peace and security, the United States has led the world community in vigorous pursuit of the terrorists of last September. Through our combined efforts, Afghanistan is beginning its recovery from war and Taliban rule, but we must continue to combat international terrorism to protect ourselves from this threat to peace.

With General Assembly resolutions 56/1 and 56/88, the United Nations has shown resolve against international terrorism. We must remain vigilant and renew our long-term commitments to the fight against terrorism.

All members should continue or increase their commitment to carrying out the terms of Security Council resolution 1373 (2001) in the areas of legislation, customs, extradition, immigration, law enforcement, arms traffic and financial asset controls. All nations should become parties to the twelve universal United Nations or United Nations specialized agency conventions on international terrorism. I am pleased to say that my Government has now become a party to all twelve.

Other threats to international peace and security loom as well. Addressing this assembly, President Bush said the United Nations must deal with Iraq's twelve years of defiance of the Security Council. He made it clear that Iraq must comply with its agreements to disarm.

In the Middle East, the Quartet partners, who include the United States, the Russian Federation, the European Union and the United Nations, are working with Israelis, Palestinians and other regional leaders to stop terrorism and violence and return the region to the path of achieving comprehensive peace. President Bush has articulated a vision of two states, Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace, within secure and recognized borders.

During this year has also seen the emergence of a new consensus and commitment to attack poverty, hunger and disease, and advance the goals of development. In announcing the creation of the Millennium Challenge Account, President Bush said the growing divide between wealth and poverty, between opportunity and misery, is both a challenge to our compassion and a source of instability. We must confront it and include every African, Asian, Latin American and Muslim in the expanding circle of development.

Clearly there is no simple blueprint for overcoming all economic and social obstacles that impede sustainable development. But, we believe that the Secretary-General is correct when he reports that the Doha Development Agenda and the Monterrey Consensus demonstrate a renewed international commitment to a process in which the developing countries have primary responsibility for their own development, but which requires both trade and finance opportunities to expand the benefits of globalization to all. We can do a better job in combating poverty if we place greater attention on two aspects of the agenda that underlie most success stories: governance and social investment which enable people and countries to become more productive; and better measuring, monitoring, and managing for development results.

At the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Secretary of State Colin Powell stated that disregard for the environment threatens the world's natural resources, and all who depend on them for food, fuel, shelter and livelihood. Our challenge, then, is to widen the circle of development and include those who are left out.

The international community and the United Nations have also made progress this year in fighting the diseases that ravage our populations. President Bush has made a commitment to fighting HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. Our support for the Global Fund and the International Mother-and-Child HIV Prevention Initiative will combat the devastation wrought by infectious disease.

We must also do more to combat hunger. Today again, millions are at risk of famine, in Africa, North Korea and elsewhere. Emergency relief is essential and we call on all nations where food is plentiful to contribute to this effort. The Secretary-General has reported on the great potential of science and technology to address food security needs. Efforts to invest in technology, including biotechnology, to raise agricultural productivity are key to the eradication of poverty and hunger.

Persistent instability and conflict continue to displace civilians all over the world. Women and children account for the vast majority of those affected by armed conflict. Children, moreover, remain particularly vulnerable to conflict situations in numerous ways. The United States recently ratified the two Optional Protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict and on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography. We urge other countries to do the same.

The history of the past century has shown that the most stable, tolerant, and prosperous countries are those that promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms. We welcome the appointment of Sergio Vieira de Mello as the third High Commissioner for Human Rights. We cannot overestimate the importance of developing and maintaining democratic governments, subject to the rule of law, that respect and protect individual liberty.

The United Nations has made and will continue to make a valuable contribution to improving the lives of people all over the world. Real progress has been made this year in advancing the objectives of the Charter. We compliment the Secretary-General, the many components of the United Nations system, and the collective of Member States themselves. But so much more remains to be done.

Mr. Chowdhury (Bangladesh)

Sir, many speakers have preceded me in this debate; naturally therefore I run the risk of repeating much of what has already been said. However, in debates, arguments are often honed through repeated presentation, albeit in different words. The Secretary-General's reports on the implementation of the United Nations Millennium Declaration and the Report of the Secretary-General on the Work of the Organization are both, as usual, examples of excellent professional work. They are comprehensive, precise and of course useful. The one on the implementation of the Millennium Declaration takes account of the various steps taken by the United Nations system so far as well as the progress made. The report also indicates what needs to be done in future.

Similarly, the other report on the working of the Organisation makes us understand the hard work put in by all in the United Nations system in pursuit of the objectives and goals of the Charter, and the tasks set to it by the membership. When read along with the Secretary-General's report on the Second Phase of the United Nations Reforms, it demonstrates the will of the Organisation to constantly adapt itself to new demands as it sharpens its efficiency and expands its capacity. My delegation however, would like to see the report on the Work of the Organization issued at least six weeks prior to the opening of each new session of the General Assembly. This year, it was much delayed. Consideration may also be given to combining several closely linked reports into a single document.

Sir, the Millennium Declaration embodies the global community's collective wisdom in regard to the successes and failures of previous decades, and sets out some fundamental principles and objectives for the future along with some guidelines on the way forward. It is now incumbent upon us to keep it in view in all our endeavours to build a more peaceful, prosperous and just world. According to this Declaration, we have a collective responsibility to uphold the principles of human dignity, equality and equity at the global level. We are therefore duty-bound to all peoples of the world, especially the most vulnerable, and particularly children, to whom the future belongs.

The United Nations is a primary vehicle through which to reach our goals. However, the Organisation can only do as much as we enable it to do by providing the necessary mandate and resources. Therefore in the final analysis, it is we, the members who are individually and collectively responsible for bearing our share of burden. Nations, big and small, rich and poor, strong and weak have all to conscientiously make our best efforts, in concert, if we hope to achieve the goals that we have set ourselves.

We have to painstakingly identify the capacity and ability of each and assign each an appropriate role. However, while each nation must play its role, the more endowed must accept a greater and more decisive responsibility and discharge it diligently and conscientiously. When we talk about dignity, equity, equality and justice at the global level, it calls for sacrifice; it calls for us to look beyond selfish and short-term individual or national interests into the realm of common and long-term global interests.

In the last year, we have achieved much success in addressing the issues of peace and security, development and poverty eradication, protecting the common environment, human rights, democracy and good governance, protecting the vulnerable, meeting the special needs of Africa and strengthening the United Nations -- the areas identified by the Millennium Declaration. Among those successes are: progress made in peacekeeping and peace-building efforts in Angola, Sierra Leone, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan and East Timor; a lessening of tension in South Asia; the global Conferences held in Monterrey and in Johannesburg; the special session on Children and the Conference on Ageing; the transition of the Organization of African Unity into the African Union and the embracing of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) by the international community. Major movements are also taking place in the sphere of the international legal system.

While some of the successes are actual concrete achievements on the ground, others are still in the form of agreements, commitments and pledges that await implementation and fulfilment. These are like the first hesitant creaks that we hear before the large wheels, bearing a heavy burden, actually start moving forward. We must sustain and increase the force behind the wheels to make them move and accelerate. As they do so, we must be alert to the steering.

My country has been doing its bit in contributing to these successes. We are doing so by actively participating in international efforts, in particular, peacekeeping missions. We are also pursuing an aggressive development policy at home. Bangladesh today is an example of a country that sought to break out of the trap of poverty through our own efforts. Through a mixture of sound macroeconomic policies, appropriate utilization of external assistance and innovative home-grown ideas, such as microcredit, food for education and non-formal education, Bangladesh has come a long way from the "basket-case" it was once known as in the early 1970s. Today, it produces over 26.8 million tons of food grains to feed its 130 million people. It has reduced its population growth rate from a high 3.2 per cent to a modest 1.6 per cent over the past two decades. It prides itself on an excellent and functioning civil society. Gender mainstreaming is a major policy goal towards which there has been remarkable progress. The overall health and education profile has been greatly raised. Consolidation and further deepening of democracy, the rule of law and human rights are the cornerstones of the Government's policies. Unarguably, we have a long way to go. But, we believe, we are on the right track.

In our view, development is only achievable against a matrix of pluralism, liberalism, democracy, good governance, human rights and women's empowerment. While development must be primarily a national concern, it is the international community that must provide the global background and the enabling ambience.

We must draw some satisfaction and a great deal of strength, courage and confidence from our successes. But we cannot afford complacency. We must face up to the much more daunting challenges piled up along the road ahead. This pile is made up of the unfinished war against terrorism, the lack of progress in consolidating peace and security, the reconstruction and rehabilitation in Afghanistan, the simmering tension in South Asia, the festering conflicts in Somalia, Liberia and Western Sahara, famine in Southern Africa, the growing gap between rich and poor, the North and the South, lack of a level playing field in international trade, the widening digital divide, continuing poverty and deprivation, vast swathes of populations suffering indignity under foreign occupation or oppressive regimes and the scourge of narcotic drugs and diseases. These are but to mention only a few.

We must all pick up our shovels and ceaselessly dig away at the pile. As we coordinate our efforts, the shovels will be transformed into earth digging machines, bulldozers and recycling plants.

Thus, the key is in shared responsibility, coordinated efforts and sacrifices. And the United Nations is the instrument through which to achieve them. We must, therefore, make every effort to modernize this instrument, make it more powerful, more efficient and, in every respect, more capable. This will involve making it truly representative and democratic. If democracy is the best system at the municipal and national levels, it must also be the best system globally. It will mean that everyone and every nation will be heard, listened to and respected. While pledging our support for this goal, we call on all fellow members to do so also.

At the same time, efforts to reform the day-to-day functioning of the United Nations must continue. The Secretary-General and the previous President of the General Assembly worked hard and made commendable progress in this area. We are confident that the current presidency will continue to successfully strive in the same direction, particularly in the pursuit of revitalizing the working methods of the General Assembly. My delegation will offer those endeavours our fullest support.

Mr. Naidu (Fiji)

The Millennium Declaration is both a milestone and a road map for a renewed strategy and sharpened focus on the development agenda for the twenty-first century. Lessons learned in the United Nations system since its inception have shaped a common vision of humankind to deliver a more peaceful, prosperous and just world, as detailed in the Millennium Declaration.

The world leaders' Declaration is a timely call for the international community to counter the unleashing of threats to international peace and security, which indeed materialized soon after its adoption -- challenges which have reached unprecedented levels of sophistication, magnitude, reach and intensity, especially in today's globalized world. All those facets of the danger were fully embodied in the monstrous tragedy of 11 September.

These threats are no longer confined to the areas of conflict or crisis. The HIV/AIDS pandemic is also identified as a security threat falling under the Security Council mandate. The quest of United Nations Members to combat international terrorism through diplomatic processes and to draft the appropriate international instruments is hampered by political differences. On the other hand, the Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC), which was established by Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), has found greater resonance among member States. A political solution to heighten the fight against international terrorism is an additional avenue that the Secretary-General would need to consider.

Indeed, meeting Millennium Development Goals is a significant way of uprooting the adverse social, economic and human rights conditions in which terrorist tendencies flourish, and displacing them with a more enabling and empowering socio-economic environment.

The success stories of the United Nations role in Bougainville, East Timor, Sierra Leone, Afghanistan, Kosovo, and in other peace-building efforts are causes for celebration and reflection. While each situation involving the transition of authority deserves to be handled on a case-by-case basis, the lessons we gain from each one are valuable for replication in other crisis management and peace-building efforts of the United Nations.

The fatigue or lethargy that may have crept in over the decades of peacekeeping operations is addressed by the Brahimi report on reforms in the peacekeeping sector. The first phase of these reforms will, as expected, consume considerable additional resources. We hope that this will level off to a sustainable level, when United Nations troop readiness and deployment capacity successfully meet immediate peacekeeping needs. We are also confident that the Secretary-General will ensure, in the long-term, that the funds allocated to peacekeeping are justified and consistent with the anticipated outputs of the conflict-prevention and peaceful dispute-resolution strategies of the Organizations.

A balanced approach to peace and security can enhance Member States' commitments to the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), in particular through the commitments of developed partners to assist home-grown development initiatives of developing partners.

In an ideal world, peace and security could be realized merely by building trust among nations and States. Trust cannot be built on the proliferation or build-up of arms and weapons of mass destruction. Renewed efforts to achieve peace and security would need to commit global social-spending resources that could be used to eradicate poverty within the time frame of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). We recognize the positive steps taken by the major parties to the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Treaty (NPT) and urge others to consider favourably taking similar steps.

The development side of these MDGs can be achieved through the substantial commitments and the cumulative policy directions for strategic global partnerships emerging from the Doha Ministerial Conference, the Monterrey Consensus on development financing and the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation. The outcomes of global conferences, such as the special session on small islands developing States (SIDS), the Conference on women and the Beijing+5 commitments, the special sessions on children and on HIV/AIDS, the World Assembly on Ageing, the United Nations Habitat II Conference and the Cairo Conference on Population and Development address disabling social trends that have emerged in parallel to the forces of globalization. The shrinking of resources available for social development, which is increasingly linked to stringent world trade and economic conditions, has stifled the development and economic growth of developing countries, with their 80 per cent share of the global population -- and even more of the world's poverty problems.

Fiji appreciates the contributions to our national development obtained through official development assistance, foreign aid, debt and credit. Our national growth has, consequently, tended to be driven by external factors and factors outside of our control as a developing State. Now we envisage internally-driven strategic development. We therefore welcome global commitments to initiatives that will see developing countries like Fiji feed our national, home-grown growth mechanisms. The New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) initiative is a major step in this direction, which we welcome for its promising ideals and strategies aimed at development.

This new model of development is premised on a prevailing climate of international peace and security. It is also inextricably linked to a new culture of democratic governance and human rights awareness, which also means building from within rather than imposing from outside -- whether as a conditionality for trade, aid, credit or as a political tool. Traditional mechanisms have in the past led to abysmal poverty and political instability.

The recently adopted Nasonini Declaration embodies these concerns and confirms our regional peace-building efforts under the Biketawa Declaration 2000 of the Pacific Island Forum. We pledge ongoing commitment to the NPT, the Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW), the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, and to the treaties and protocols against terrorism and organized crime, to which Fiji is a party. We are also in dialogue with the Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC).

Fiji endorses the Millennium Declaration's strong emphasis on integrating the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes, in particular, the commitment under section III, paragraph 17, to address the special needs of SIDS by implementing the Barbados Programme of Action and the outcome of the twenty-second special session of the General Assembly rapidly and in full.

Beyond SIDS issues, our region continues to advocate global responses for global programmes. The Johannesburg Plan of Implementation is just that, but will require strong action to meet the commitments made on the environment.

In this connection, Fiji in incorporating the Millennium Development Goals in our Strategic Development Plan 2003 to 2005, and highlights governance, education and health sector policies for focused attention. We are supporting the steps to implement the Honiara Declaration on law enforcement, and the Aitutaki Declaration on governance and accountability. The increasing participation of NGOs and the private sector in governance issues is very encouraging.

As health and education are fundamental building blocks for society, their linkages to governance issues are increasingly apparent. Fiji is committed to the Pacific Island Forum Basic Education Action Plan, adopted in New Zealand in 2001. The Plan recognizes the need to build resources for basic education in the region. It also promotes incorporation of gender and governance issues in basic education.

The MDG's focus on the treatment and prevention of diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, dengue fever and tuberculosis, is very relevant as these diseases are becoming more prevalent in Fiji. We take them seriously and will continue collaborating with United Nations specialized agencies to increase awareness on AIDS, while addressing problems related to HIV/AIDS, dengue fever, tuberculosis and malaria.

Fiji continues to pledge support for the Secretary-General's commitment to and follow-up work on the Millennium Declaration and its development goals.

The President

I now give the floor to the representative of Switzerland.

Mr. Staehelin (Switzerland)

It is has been two years since the Millennium Summit, when our heads of State and Government solemnly adopted the Millennium Declaration, vigorously reaffirming their commitment to defending the principles of human dignity, equality and equity and their determination to give their all to establishing a more peaceful, more prosperous and fairer world.

In order to achieve that, the Summit defined a set of Goals with which we are all familiar. While these Goals, taken individually, may be nothing new, their consolidation into a single Declaration adopted by the largest gathering of heads of State in modern history gave the Declaration a new scope and political significance. Today, we can state that these objectives represent a work tool that is widely known to and used by the international community. We must acknowledge, however, that some questions regarding the use of that tool remain unresolved, in particular those involving the establishment of a viable monitoring system, which is a particularly complex endeavour with respect to methodology.

We wish to thank here the Secretary-General for his first annual report on the progress achieved in the implementation of the Millennium Declaration. The report offers a good understanding of the efforts made, results achieved and problems encountered. In the light of the report, we clearly see that we will attain the Millennium Development Goals only in piecemeal fashion if we do not accelerate the pace of our work. Progress to date shows us nevertheless that these objectives are realistic. It is therefore our collective duty to achieve them.

To that end, we must strengthen coordination and cooperation at all levels -- national, regional and global -- among all the actors concerned: Governments, international organizations, civil society and the private sector. In this context, we should, in our opinion, attach special priority to strengthening the interaction between the United Nations, the Bretton Woods institutions and the World Trade Organization, especially following the Doha, Monterrey and Johannesburg conferences.

I wish to stress our great appreciation of the United Nations and its Secretary-General. The Organization has indeed made major efforts to mobilize additional human and financial resources with a view to preventing conflicts and natural disasters, to fighting the HIV/AIDS pandemic and other scourges, and to contributing to more sustainable development. Moreover, the United Nations must play a crucial role in coordinating and following up on efforts to achieve the objectives of the Millennium Declaration. As a campaign manager, the Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme has a special role to play in this context. These various roles and activities of the system must, however, be further strengthened. Switzerland will therefore continue fully to support the United Nations in these efforts.

The achievement of the Millennium Goals will depend first and foremost on the determination of countries to take all the necessary steps to ensure the protection of human rights, good governance, the rule of law, the eradication of poverty and the safeguarding of natural resources with a view to achieving more human and more sustainable development. As the Secretary-General also emphasizes in his report, the principle of sovereignty involves the duty of every State to assume responsibility for protecting its citizens and for guaranteeing them the enjoyment of basic freedoms and their own physical safety.

Convinced that a community cannot be stronger than the weakest of its members, Switzerland shares the view that it is preferable to focus our efforts on eliminating the causes of conflict and on its prevention than to have subsequently to address their consequences. In our view, only economic, social and political stability will enable everyone to develop and progress. The quest for such stability is therefore assuredly the best way to prevent wars and conflicts.

We look forward to the issuance of the next annual report and sincerely hope that it will reflect further progress in the follow-up of the Goals set out by the Millennium Declaration.

Mr. Stagno (Costa Rica)

Last Friday, in introducing his report on the implementation of the Millennium Declaration, the Secretary-General sounded an alarm. The Goals and objectives adopted by our heads of State at the Millennium Summit are more distant than ever. The action of the international community has been inadequate. It is obvious that, if we continue in this direction, it will be impossible to attain the Goals enshrined in the Declaration.

Our heads of State pledged to reduce extreme poverty by half by the year 2015. Today, we are very far from attaining that objective. Some 23 per cent of the world's population subsists on less than $1 a day. Hundreds of millions of people struggle daily with hunger, disease and environmental problems. The gap between the richest and the poorest widens every day. On average, the inhabitants of the developed world consume six times more natural resources than those of the developing world. In parts of Africa and Asia, we are losing the battle against extreme poverty. In Latin America, progress is extremely slow. In the developing countries, 826 million people suffer from malnutrition. Furthermore, even if we succeed in reducing poverty by half by the year 2015, 900 million people will still be living in extreme poverty.

Our heads of State pledged to reduce infant mortality by two thirds. If we continue at the present rate, by the year 2015 we will have been able to reduce the rate of infant mortality only by 25 per cent. In some nations, of every 1,000 children born, over 300 die of easily preventable diseases before the age of five. In fact, over 30,000 children die every day of such diseases. In Africa, the rate of infant mortality has hardly changed because of a resurgence of malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS.

In particular, our heads of State pledged to reduce and to halt the spread of the HIV/AIDS virus, malaria and other serious diseases. However, those epidemics are spreading fast. The situation is critical in Africa and the Caribbean, and worsening in Asia and Eastern Europe. In 2001, there were 5 million new cases of HIV infection, while more than 3 million people died of AIDS. The great majority of infected persons in poor countries had no access to the medicines needed to stop the disease's advance. The same is true in the cases of malaria and tuberculosis, which have worsened because of the appearance of strains resistant to antibiotics.

Our heads of State also pledged to ensure that all children of the world can complete the first cycle of primary education and to eliminate gender inequalities in education. While it is true that school enrolment has increased, that growth is too slow, and it will be impossible to reach these targets by the year 2015.

The Millennium Summit adopted a series of broad but realistic goals with a view to building a more peaceful, more prosperous and more just world. Today we must revitalize our efforts to achieve those goals. That requires efforts at the national and international levels.

In the national sphere, it is indispensable to adopt new public policies and to reform governmental institutions in order to give greater priority to the eradication of poverty. It is scandalous to see that of the 132 countries for which we have information, 59 invest more on arms than on education and health. We must invest heavily and systematically in our human resources. It is necessary to fight inequality and extreme poverty. Only in that way can we create a political, social and economic environment that is more just and more equitable.

Likewise, it is necessary to strengthen and to consolidate our democratic institutions. Democracy encourages leaders to adopt better public policies and to protect the most vulnerable groups. Political freedom increases opportunities for economic and social growth at the same time as it creates conditions favourable to the use of those opportunities. Democracy is therefore indispensable to achieving just development.

At the same time, it is necessary to fight corruption and to guarantee good governance. It is indispensable to punish those unjust leaders that enrich themselves through corruption and who impoverish their peoples. It is necessary to create a body of universal jurisdiction to bring those criminals to trial. It is scandalous that some developed countries are encouraging corruption beyond their borders by allowing bribes offered overseas to be used as an income tax deduction. We trust that we will soon see the adoption of a United Nations convention on corruption in the framework of the Ad Hoc Committee which is now meeting in Vienna.

At the international level, it is indispensable to provide the developing countries with sufficient resources to meet the goals enshrined in the Millennium Declaration. According to the World Bank, in order to attain those goals, there is need for an additional $40 billion to $60 billion in annual international assistance. Given that, it is scandalous that over the last two decades, an increasingly lower percentage of Gross Domestic Product is being allocated to official development assistance. It is necessary to increase that assistance in accordance with the agreement reached at the Monterrey Conference.

At the same time, it is necessary to create an open, equitable and non-discriminatory trade and financial system that promotes growth in the poorest countries. At the present time, structural obstacles, financial imbalances, the flight of capital, the lack of capital for productive and social investment, restricted access to international markets and production subsidies all prevent the economic growth of the developing nations. It is scandalous to see that the developed countries spend $1 billion per day on agricultural subsidies, thereby condemning the inhabitants of the developing nations to poverty. For that reason, it is essential to implement the mandate of the Fourth Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization.

The World Bank has very skilfully summarized what we must do to meet the objectives of the Millennium Declaration. First, we the developing countries must improve our public policies and institutions. Secondly, the developed countries must eliminate trade barriers and better coordinate development assistance. Thirdly, the donor countries must provide an additional $60 billion annually in development assistance. That amount is equal to just one-sixth of the annual total of the agricultural subsidies of the developed countries and 7 per cent of the total military budget worldwide. The obligations and responsibilities are clearly defined.

We have only 13 years left to meet the goals of the Millennium Declaration. We must heed the appeal of the Secretary-General. We must adopt broad, resolute and courageous measures in order to meet the objectives agreed upon by our heads of State. If we do not do so, the Declaration of our heads of State will remain a dead letter.

Mr. Rosenthal (Guatemala)

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